Bipolar disorder - Wikipedia. Bipolar disorder, formerly manic depression, is a mental disorder with periods of depression and periods of elevated mood. During mania an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy or irritable. The need for sleep is usually reduced during manic phases. In those with less severe symptoms of a prolonged duration the condition cyclothymic disorder may be present. If due to drugs or medical problems it is classified separately. However, blood tests or medical imaging can be done to rule out other problems. Examples of mood stabilizers that are commonly used include lithium and anticonvulsants. Sven Delblanc (1931 – 1992) Sven Delblanc framst. Utbildning och yrkesliv. Marianne Bernadotte b Pastoren for Desert Vineyard i Lancaster, California, David Parker (bildet), kjent for flere her i Norge, er rammet av en aggressiv form for kreft. Klassifisering og egenskaper. Posttraumatisk stresslidelse er klassifisert som en angstlidelse og kjennetegnes av ubehagelige angst-relaterte opplevelser, atferd og. Billede 1: Jeanne d’Arcs lidelse og d. Bipolar disorder; bipolar affective disorder, bipolar illness, manic depression: Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression and mania. Treatment in hospital against a person's consent may be required at times as people may be a risk to themselves or others yet refuse treatment. Severe behavioral problems may be managed with short term antipsychotics or benzodiazepines. In periods of mania it is recommended that antidepressants be stopped. If antidepressants are used for periods of depression they should be used with a mood stabilizer. 23.01.2015 Storfjord IL fortsetter . Les mer 22.12.2014 God Jul & Godt NyttElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be helpful for those who do not respond to other treatments. If treatments are stopped, it is recommended that this be done slowly. Many individuals have financial, social or work- related problems due to the illness. These difficulties occur a quarter to a third of the time on average. The risk of death from natural causes such as heart disease is twice that of the general population. This is due to poor lifestyle choices and the side effects from medications. The most common age at which symptoms begin is 2. With milder levels of mania, known as hypomania, individuals appear energetic, excitable, and may be highly productive. Hypomanic people generally have increased energy and increased activity levels. Hypomania may feel good to the person who experiences it. These symptoms include delusions and hallucinations. A major depressive episode persists for at least two weeks, and may continue for over six months if left untreated. In adults with the condition, bipolar disorder is often accompanied by changes in cognitive processes and abilities. These include reduced attentional and executive capabilities and impaired memory. How the individual processes the universe also depends on the phase of the disorder, with differential characteristics between the manic, hypomanic and depressive states. There are several common childhood precursors seen in children who later receive a diagnosis of bipolar disorder; these disorders include mood abnormalities, full major depressive episodes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For bipolar disorder type I, the (probandwise) concordance rates in modern studies have been consistently estimated at around 4. II that likely reflects heterogeneity. There is overlap with unipolar depression and if this is also counted in the co- twin the concordance with bipolar disorder rises to 6. Meta- analyses of structural MRI studies in bipolar disorder report an increase in the volume of the lateral ventricles, globus pallidus and increase in the rates of deep white matterhyperintensities. There is evidence supporting an association between early- life stress and dysfunction of the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA axis) leading to its over activation, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Such conditions and injuries include (but are not limited to) stroke, traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, multiple sclerosis, porphyria, and rarely temporal lobe epilepsy. This results in decreased dopamine transmission characteristic of the depressive phase. Assessment is usually done on an outpatient basis; admission to an inpatient facility is considered if there is a risk to oneself or others. The most widely used criteria for diagnosing bipolar disorder are from the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM- 5) and the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 1. Edition (ICD- 1. 0). The ICD- 1. 0 criteria are used more often in clinical settings outside of the U. S. The DSM- 5, published in 2. DSM- IV- TR. These disorders include schizophrenia, major depressive disorder. The DSM- 5 lists three specific subtypes. Individuals who have subthreshold symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment, but do not meet full criteria for one of the three subtypes may be diagnosed with other specified or unspecified bipolar disorder. Other specified bipolar disorder is used when a clinician chooses to provide an explanation for why the full criteria were not met (e. It is defined as having four or more mood disturbance episodes within a one- year span and is found in a significant proportion of individuals with bipolar disorder. Individuals may use self- help and pursue recovery. Hospitalization may be required especially with the manic episodes present in bipolar I. This can be voluntary or (if mental health legislation allows and varying state- to- state regulations in the USA) involuntary (called civil or involuntary commitment). Long- term inpatient stays are now less common due to deinstitutionalization, although these can still occur. These are sometimes referred to as partial- inpatient programs. Most studies have been based only on bipolar I, however, and treatment during the acute phase can be a particular challenge. Carbamazepine effectively treats manic episodes, with some evidence it has greater benefit in rapid- cycling bipolar disorder, or those with more psychotic symptoms or a more schizoaffective clinical picture. It is less effective in preventing relapse than lithium or valproate. However, only a few small studies of variable quality have been published and there is not enough evidence to draw any firm conclusions. For women, better social functioning prior to developing bipolar disorder and being a parent are protective towards suicide attempts. As a result, two- thirds of people with BD continue to experience impaired psychosocial functioning in between episodes even when their mood symptoms are in full remission. A similar pattern in seen in both BD- I and BD- II, but people with BD- II experience a lesser degree of impairment. Higher degrees of impairment correlate with the number of previous manic episodes and hospitalizations, and with the presence psychotic symptoms. One third of people with BD remain unemployed for one year following a hospitalization for mania. Within two years, 7. However, 4. 0 percent went on to experience a new episode of mania or depression within 2 years of syndromal recovery, and 1. Individuals whose bipolar disorder begins with a depressive or mixed affective episode seem to have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of suicide. The standardized mortality ratio from suicide in bipolar disorder is between 1. Including sub- threshold diagnostic criteria, such as one or two symptoms over a short time- period, an additional 5. Prevalence studies of bipolar disorder are typically carried out by lay interviewers who follow fully structured/fixed interview schemes; responses to single items from such interviews may suffer limited validity. In addition, diagnoses (and therefore estimates of prevalence) vary depending on whether a categorical or spectrum approach is used. This consideration has led to concerns about the potential for both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis. Age- standardized prevalence per 1. South Asia to 4. 81. Africa and Europe for men and from 4. Africa and Europe to 4. Oceania for women. However, severity may differ widely across the globe. Disability- adjusted life year rates, for example, appear to be higher in developing countries, where medical coverage may be poorer and medication less available. The word melancholia is derived from melas (. Within the humoral theories, mania was viewed as arising from an excess of yellow bile, or a mixture of black and yellow bile. The linguistic origins of mania, however, are not so clear- cut. Several etymologies were proposed by the Ancient Roman physician Caelius Aurelianus, including the Greek word ania, meaning . He coined the term manic depressive psychosis, after noting that periods of acute illness, manic or depressive, were generally punctuated by relatively symptom- free intervals where the patient was able to function normally. The subtypes bipolar II and rapid cycling have been included since the DSM- IV, based on work from the 1. David Dunner, Elliot Gershon, Frederick Goodwin, Ronald Fieve and Joseph Fleiss. In his autobiography Manicdotes: There's Madness in His Method (2. Chris Joseph describes his struggle between the creative dynamism which allowed the creation of his multimillion- pound advertising agency Hook Advertising, and the money- squandering dark despair of his bipolar illness. Several dramatic works have portrayed characters with traits suggestive of the diagnosis that has been the subject of discussion by psychiatrists and film experts alike. A notable example is Mr. Jones (1. 99. 3), in which Mr. Jones (Richard Gere) swings from a manic episode into a depressive phase and back again, spending time in a psychiatric hospital and displaying many of the features of the syndrome. In The Mosquito Coast (1. Allie Fox (Harrison Ford) displays some features including recklessness, grandiosity, increased goal- directed activity and mood lability, as well as some paranoia. Psychiatrists have suggested that Willy Loman, the main character in Arthur Miller's classic play Death of a Salesman, suffers from bipolar disorder. The storyline was developed as part of the BBC's Headroom campaign. This issue diminished with an increased following of the DSM criteria in the last part of the twentieth century. Den nye teknologien skulle jo egentlig v. Men for mange er det det motsatte som skjer. Alle disse duppedittene vi har f. Tid er blitt mangelvare. Men travelheten er ikke en fiende - den er selve fienden. Dobbelheten binder oss. Det er enkelheten som gir glede og harmoni. Det er kompleksiteten og dobbelheten som skaper bekymringer og frykt. Jeg skal komme tilbake til dette. Men la meg si innledningsvis at n. Og jeg sier dette med en bestemt hensikt: Det er nemlig slik at ethvert fors. Alt som har med troen . To milliarder kroner regnet forretningsstanden med . I Bergprekenen sammenligner faktisk Jesus materialismen med en avgud. Han sier det slik: “Ingen kan tjene to herrer. Han vil hate den ene og elske den andre, eller holde seg til den ene og forakte andre. Dere kan ikke tjene b. For tomhendte kom vi inn i verden og tomhendte m. Men de som vil bli rike, faller i fristelser og snarer og gripes av mange slags t. Drevet av den er mange f. Men du, Guds menneske, hold deg borte fra dette ! Julefasten er en 4. Kristi f. 4. 0 velsignede dager hvor vi s. Hos oss har 'julebordene' og festene blitt kjennetegnet for tiden f. Bruke de 4. 0 dagene frem til 1. Enklere, mer konsentrert om stillheten, mer tid til b. En annerledes rytme. Dermed plasserer han fasten midt i det kristne livet. Det heter ikke: “Om dere faster,” men “N. Fasten er likevel alltid frivillig. Den er ingen plikt eller et krav, men den kan v. Jesus advarer oss faktisk mot ! Derfor er det noe beklemmende n. Sannelig, jeg sier dere: De har alt f. Og din Far, som ser i det skjulte, skal l. Vi kjenner til den 4. Matteus 4,1 forteller oss: “Jesus ble s. Ikke bare en bedende menighet, men en som fastet. Her ligger mye av hemmeligheten til dens fremgang! Det er jeg ikke i tvil om. Om kirken i Antiokia heter det: ? Har det skjedd noen gang? Det er ingen som helst tvil om at faste er n. En dag spurte disiplene Jesus, etter at de hadde fors? Og Herren stadfester sitt ord med tegn og under. De ser mange helbredet. Stormer vi virkelig himmelenes rike og river det til oss med makt? Eller glir vi inn i apatien? Vi skal se litt n. Denne serien er en naturlig del av serien om behovet for og betydningen av den gjennomgripende vekkelsen som v. Men Bibelen har faktisk mye . Beretningen om disiplene som sp. Men det er slett ikke det som st? Men de dager skal komme da brudgommen skal bli tatt fra dem, OG DA SKAL DE FASTE.? Til tiden etter Kristi himmelfart. Med andre ord den tiden vi lever i n. Dette er en tid for faste og b. Skal vi vende tilbake til nytestamentlig menighetsliv, s. Blant kirkehistoriens kjente skikkelser finner vi navn som Martin Luther, Jean Calvin, John Knox. John Wesley, Jonathan Edwards, Charles Finney, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, bare for . Andre har helt og holdent oversett den. Det dreier seg om en bok av Franklin Hall som pinsemenigheten Klippen i Sandnes utgav for en del . Hun var datter av en som het Fanuel as Asjers stamme. Han vet vi ikke noe om. Men vi vet at Anna var 8. Og vi har mange av dem ogs. Det er noe mildt over dem. Hun levde sitt liv innfor Guds ansikt. Ordet faste slik det er brukt i Det nye testamente, nesteuo, dette ordet best. Om ordet enkelte ganger utvides til ogs. I Luk 4,2 leser vi at . I 2. Kor 6,5 forteller Paulus at han ofte hadde . Dette kunne, slik ordet faste forst. Men slik forholder det seg ikke, for i 2. Kor 1. 1,2. 7 nevner apostelen spesielt ordet . Her ser vi det samme igjen: b. I denne meget spesielle situasjonen, hvor Saulus har m. Det vil si avhold fra b. Som regel strekker en slik faste seg ikke over tre d. Jeg og mine unge piker vil ogs. Lekker mat spiste jeg ikke, kj. Dette har blant annet inspirert kirken til flere av sine faster gjennom kirke. Kanskje skulle vi ta s. Fordi det er en feiring av Kristi oppstandelse. N. Og den har gitt oss to fastedager i uken. Den ene er onsdag som er forr. Den andre dagen er fredagen, korsfestelsesdagen. Men alts. I den russiske tradisjonen lever troen p. Efraim Syrerens fasteb.
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